The settlement of Gabon was done by waves successive of immigration, until the 19th century, Pygmies then more massively of Bantus, nowadays majority. It is during this process that at the 15th century the first Europeans accosted, of the Portuguese. The name of Gabon comes to him besides from these first colonists: Portuguese Gabão means overcoat”, in keeping with the shape of the Estuary which borders the coasts of Libreville. France gradually occupied Gabon starting from the middle of the 19th century. Gabon acquired its independence on August 17th, 1960. Before colonization, the people of Gabon shared beliefs animists characterized by myths and rites varied but having like common points the worship of the ancestors, whose spirit could always influence the existence of the alive ones, and the recourse to the fetishes. Besides one finds still today mutilated corpses children victims of ritual crimes intended to ensure their authors power and richness. Gabon counts nearly about fifty ethnos groups. If Fangs represent a third of the Gabonese population, other ethnos groups hardly count but a few hundreds of individuals. Culturally, some are brought to melt themselves gradually in the mass and to lose their language and their characteristics. It is difficult to give an exhaustive list of ethnos groups because some are only subsets of other groups.